10 Key Strategies to shape Brunei Darussalam to a Low-Carbon and Climate-Resilient
01 Industrial EmissionsReduce overall emissions in the industrial sector through zero routine flaring and to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
01 Department of Energy (DOE)Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 1 - Industrial EmissionsThis strategy seeks to lower carbon intensity from the industries in Brunei Darussalam through zero routine flaring and to "As Low As Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP). The main focus for the Brunei National Climate Change Policy is to reduce industrial emissions across the country by 2035. Strategic Objectives
1Attain and maintain zero routine flaring, as defined by the World Bank standard.
2Reduce industrial emissions to "As Low As Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP). This principle emphasises the management of risk up to the point where the costs of risk reduction exceed its benefits.
3Re-energise awareness, develop competencies, and engage stakeholders and communities.
4Establish a national long-term industrial emission reduction target. Current Position
Brunei Darussalam's Fugitive Emissions, 2017–2018The figure explains the significant reduction in total fugitive emissions, mainly venting and flaring, for the period of 2017 to 2018. Majority of the reduction was attributed by a number of rejuvenation projects within the oil and gas industry facilities for GHG emissions abatement, both onshore and offshore. Despite the reduction, fugitive emissions still account for about 18.1 % of the country’s total GHG emissions in 2018. This Strategy seeks to further reduce the share of fugitive emissions by focusing on industrial emissions. The primary goal of this strategy is to achieve zero-routine flaring and reducing other industrial emissions by adopting the ALARP principles. Policy Tools
1Standardise quantifying and qualifying inventory report for industrial emissions to be aligned to carbon inventory strategy.
2Perform ALARP demonstration, including using Best Available Technologies (BAT).
3Establish a coalition between Government, industry and higher learning institutions through research, collaboration and education.
02 Forest CoverIncrease carbon sink through afforestation and reforestation with a target of planting 500,000 new trees.
02 forestry Department, ministry primary resources and tourism
Strategy 2 - Forest CoverThis strategy seeks to increase Brunei Darussalam’s carbon sink through afforestation and reforestation programmes with a target of planting 500,000 new trees by 2035. Increasing our forest cover would increase our carbon sequestration potential. This will have positive effects on habitats, biodiversity, and ecosystems. A further 400,000 trees from the existing target have been proposed leading up to 2035. However, this target requires the establishment of a sustainable funding and planting mechanism. Additionally, full participation of the public and private sectors is essential to ensure an integrated approach for a successful reforestation program. Strategic Objectives
1Strengthen regulations for all deforestation activities for developmental purposes by ensuring afforestation and reforestation programmes are carried out, including in degraded areas.
2Identify areas for carbon sink expansion including forest land, cropland, settlements, wetlands, seagrass, and other land.
3Provide nature-based solutions to prevent soil erosion and flooding as a natural buffer from effects of development.
4Establish platforms to financially support and sustain afforestation and reforestation programmes.
5Maintain local ecosystems and biodiversity to support afforestation and reforestation efforts. Policy Tools
1Establish an inventory to account for existing and new carbon sink areas including forest land, cropland, settlements, wetland, seagrass, and other land types.
2Establish sustainable funding mechanisms for afforestation and reforestation programmes.
3Strengthen requirements for the allocation of green spaces for future developmental areas including suitable tree species for planting.
4Establish a partnership between the Government, private sector, industry, educational institutions, non-governmental organisations and the community through research collaborations, education, awareness and promotion of community forestry.
03 Electric VehiclesIncrease total share of Electric Vehicles to 60% of total annual vehicle sales.
03 Department of Energy (DOE),Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 3 - Electric VehiclesThis strategy seeks to reduce Brunei Darussalam's carbon emissions from the land transportation sector by increasing Electric Vehicles (EV) to 60% of total vehicle sales by 2035. This target is subject to future development of EV and policies in place to promote ownership of EV such as, but not limited to, the following: price of fuel and electricity; low EV prices (e.g. through tax incentives); and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations). This strategy will be carried out by the Electric Vehicle Joint Task Force (EVJTF), co-led by the Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications and Ministry of Energy, and will focus on EV while other options such as fuel economic regulation, other energy efficient vehicles, public transportation and smart urban planning to promote low carbon travel could be considered separately by the relevant agencies. Strategic Objectives
1Develop policies and programmes to support deployment of EV.
2Collaborate with key relevant Government agencies, main industry players and the private sectors in identifying and implementing measures to promote the use of EV.
3Identify and implement measures to shift public preference from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) to EV.
4Develop measures to manage use of EV and ensure sustainable use of EV. Policy Tools
1Revise policies and legislation to allow deployment of EV.
2Collaborate with key relevant Government agencies, main industry players and other private sectors to increase access to charging facilities and other supporting infrastructure.
3Establish educational development and awareness programmes to ensure long-term societal change towards the use of EV.
4To conduct a small to medium scale EV test bedding programme in order to assess the policies and infrastructure requirements before mass deployment of EV in Brunei Darussalam.
5Revise policies to shift public preference from ICE vehicles to EV.
6Enhance human capital and skill set through training and develpment programmes that upskill and
reskill current capacities into technical field of EV.
04 Renewable EnergyIncrease total share of renewable energy to at least 30% of total capacity in the power generation mix.
04 Department of Energy (doe),
Prime Minister’s Office and Land Transport Department, Ministry of Transportation and Infocommunication
Strategy 4 - Renewable EnergyThis strategy seeks to ensure a smooth transition for nationwide adoption and use of renewable energy technologies. This strategy focuses on increasing total share of renewable energy to at least 30% of the total capacity in the power generation mix using mainly solar photovoltaic (PV) by 2035 Strategic Objectives
1Establish local competencies towards a regional centre of excellence in renewable energy.
2Facilitate seamless integration of renewable energy mix into the national power generation mix.
3Establish financial mechanisms to support renewable energy research, development and deployment.
4Establish attractive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) packages for different types of renewable energy sources and technologies.
5Establish a Renewable Portfolio Standard for Brunei Darussalam for energy-intensive industries. Policy Tools
1Integrate renewable energy requirements into green building codes including residential, commercial and industrial buildings.
2Establish research and development collaboration on current and alternative renewable energy sources with local higher institutions.
3Impose mandatory directive to energy-intensive users and utility companies to attain renewable energy certificates.
4Conduct preliminary grid impact assessment at every level of grid to ensure interconnection stability within grids.
5Establish a land gazettal process for renewable energy photovoltaic.
6Introduce green bonds or green sukuk to finance renewable energy projects.
7Establish net metering to allow customers to sell back surpluses generated from an independent system back to the grid.
8Encourage local SMEs to focus on new businesses across renewable energy development, construction, commissioning through to operations and maintenance.
9Establish a coalition between Government, industry, higher learning institutions and the communities through research, collaboration, education, awareness and upskilling.
05 Power ManagementReduce GHG emissions by at least 10% through better supply and demand management of electricity consumption.
05 Departmrnt of energy (doe)Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 5 - Power ManagementThis strategy seeks to reduce carbon emissions contribution from the power sector by focusing on increasing energy efficiency and conservation at both supply and demand side. The aim is to reduce GHG emissions from power generation by at least 10% by 2035 (from BAU). Strategic Objectives
1Establish a conducive environment for adopting energy efficiency and conservation practices both for energy supply and demand.
2Maximise available clean electricity resources across the border to supplement domestic demand.
3Enhance Temburong District electrification.
4Optimise generation and load dispatch to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Policy Tools
1Introduce energy standards and labelling for commonly used electrical appliances and increase public awareness on electricity consumption.
2Impose a minimum efficiency of 48% for new power plant.
3Expand EEC Building Guidelines to residential and commercial sectors.
4Decommission inefficient single-cycle power plants.
5Replace conventional street lights with LED lights.
6Install 66kV transmission line through the Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien (SHOAS) Bridge to connect Temburong to the main grid, and eventually decommission Temburong diesel power plant.
7Review electricity tariff for the commercial sector.
8Identify opportunities for digitalisation to promote smart nation.
06 Carbon PricingImpose price on carbon emissions.
06 Brunei climate change secretariat (BCCS)Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 6 - Carbon PricingThis strategy seeks to reduce carbon intensity from all industrial sectors and new power utilities in Brunei Darussalam through internalising the societal cost of carbon emissions and impending destructions from climate impacts. This strategy intends to introduce carbon pricing applicable to all industrial facilities emitting beyond a carbon emission limit threshold at a carbon price per CO2e by 2025. The revenue raised will be channeled to funding national climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Strategic Objectives
1Establish comprehensive assessment on the most appropriate model for carbon pricing in Brunei Darussalam, including emissions threshold and cost per CO2e.
2Establish a proper Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system to ensure accuracy and credibility in baseline emissions data for imposing carbon pricing.
3Establish mechanism to allow carbon trading as an option. Policy Tools
1Establish a coalition between the Government and industries to closely work on an appropriate model for Brunei Darussalam, while preserving transparency in approaches.
2Adopt best practices on MRV system in the region and enhance internal capacities in the area.
07 Waste ManagementReduce municipal waste to landfills to 1kg/person/day.
07 Department of Environment, Parks and Recreation,Ministry of Development
Strategy 7 - Waste ManagementThis strategy seeks to reduce greenhouse gas contribution, and reduce waste to 1kg per person per day, mainly methane (CH4) gas emissions by minimising the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of through waste minimisation, adoption of best practices and innovative technologies. Strategic Objectives
1Promote and implement waste minimisation through 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste and industrial waste going into landfills
2Pursue and adopt waste-to-energy technologies options to minimise land take and reduce volume of waste that needs to be disposed.
3Increase public education and awareness to the general public by promoting and enhancing their participation in 3R-related initiatives and programmes. Policy Tools
1Promote and implement waste minimisation practices and strategies in public institutions, commercial sector and industrial sector.
2Normalise the practice of waste segregation at source by households.
3Pursue waste-to-energy technology options with a view to implementing most viable option(s) to minimise the use of landfills.
4Increase education and awareness among the public on the importance of practicing 3R.
5Empower the youth to champion in environmental activities to raise awareness on 3R concept and enhancing their participation in waste reduction activities.
6Identify opportunities for digitalisation to promote smart nation.
08 Climate Resilience & AdaptationIncrease capacity to adapt to climate impacts and in achieving resilience.
08 Brunei climate change secretariat (bccs)Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 8 - Climate Resilience & AdaptationThis strategy seeks to strengthen Brunei Darussalam’s resilience against climate change risks and increase its capacity to adapt to the impacts of the changing climate. Brunei Darussalam is prone to four key risks including; flood, forest fires, strong wind and land slides. Strategic Objectives
1Increase capacities to adapt to climate related disasters and safeguard Brunei Darussalam's livelihood, properties and resources.
2Integrate climate science and monitor existing and future strategies and policies.
3Increase collaboration between the Government, private sectors, local institutions, and the public towards achieving climate resilience and adaptation.
4Enhance climate science research for climate resilience and adaptation effectiveness with nature-based solutions within Brunei Daurussalam to construct informed decision-making to benefit current and future generations.
5Secure local food production and stocks by adapting to the impact of climate change. Policy Tools
1Establish an integrated approach to manage the environment through aligning environmental regulation, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Directives to ensure environmental sustainability.
2Establish a national climate risk framework to outline climate resilience initiatives within new and existing developmental and physical infrastructures (ie. Green Building Initiatives).
3Conduct long-term assessment and monitoring on the impact of climate change in Brunei Darussalam (i.e. implication of flood, haze etc. to health).
4Conduct research and assessment on long-term sea level rise.
5Conduct long-term assessment on the rise in temperature and rainfall in Brunei Darussalam.
6Mobilising different research areas in order to provide assets, tools, knowledge and financial support towards bolstering climate resilience.
7Increase participation and engagement from the public and private sectors to create well Informed community on climate change to improve climate resilience.
09 Carbon InventoryMandatory monthly and annual reporting of carbon inventory.
09 Brunei climate change secretariat (bccs),Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 9 - Carbon InventoryThis strategy intends to develop a directive to all facilities and agents that emit and absorb GHG to report their greenhouse gas data, targeted to commence in 2021. The mandatory reporting seek to promote transparency and robustness in the national carbon emissions and sinks data, intended to provide a better understanding of the level of GHG emissions. Ensuring the nation’s accountability and responsibility to provide transparency through monitoring will safeguard the notion of a climate resilient nation. Strategic Objectives
1Monitor all activities in measuring, collecting, reporting and verifying GHG emissions and sequestration.
2Facilities emitting greenhouse gas to report their emissions timely, consistently, reliably, completely, accurately and effectively. Policy Tools
1Report all types of GHG; C02, CH4, N20, SF6, HFCs and PFCs.
2Adopt methodology in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Reporting Guidelines, using a template available from BCCS.
3Submit monthly and yearly inventory report.
4The annual inventory report is required to be verified by GHG Reporting Verification Bodies or third-party firms.
5Increase awareness among all emitting agents on the importance of measuring and reporting their GHG inventory as a key mitigation effort.
10 Awareness & EducationIncrease awareness and education surrounding mitigation and adaptation responses against climate change.
10 Brunei climate change secretariat (bccs),Prime Minister’s Office
Strategy 10 - Awareness & EducationThis strategy aims to foster awareness and increase education in matters pertaining to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in all sectors of society, in line with our Whole-of-Nation approach, including the public, students and all stakeholders in the economic sector. This can be achieved by: incorporating curriculum and co-curriculum programmes; effective communication and promotion for the public; and socialisation of this policy for the economic sector. Instilling importance of climate action through awareness and education is crucial in creating a well-informed and better prepared society at tackling climate change issues. Strategic Objectives
1Incorporate climate change mitigation and adaptation elements into all levels of the school education system, both curriculum and co-curriculum.
2Increase climate change mitigation and adaptation awareness amongst communities and the public.
3Increase climate change mitigation and adaptation awareness across all economic sectors. Policy Tools
1Establish educational development and awareness initiatives to ensure long-term societal change at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
2Conducting regular out-reach programmes to increase awareness among the general public on climate change issues.
3Re-energise awareness, develop competencies and engage stakeholders and communities in reducing industrial emissions.
4Establish a partnership between the Government, private sector, industry, educational institutions, non-governmental organisations and the community through research collaborations, education, awareness and promotion of community forestry.
5Establish educational development and awareness programmes to ensure long-term societal change towards the use of Electric Vehicles.
6Establish a coalition between Government, industry, higher learning institutions and the communities through Renewable Energy research, collaboration, education, awareness and upskilling.
7Establish educational development and awareness programmes to ensure long-term behavioural change on energy consumption in all sectors (public, private and commercial).
8Promote and implement waste minimisation practices and strategies in public institutions, commercial sector and industrial sector.
9Increase participation and engagement from the public and private sectors to create well-informed community on Climate Change to improve climate resilience.
10Increase awareness among all emitting agents on the importance of measuring and reporting their GHG inventory as a key mitigation effort. |